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| birth_place = Berlin, Germany | death_place = New York City, New York, U.S. | death_cause = Heart attack | resting_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | occupation = Film director, theatre director, film producer, actor, comedian | years_active = 1955–2014 | spouse = Patricia Scott (m. 1957–1960) Margot Callas (m. 1963–1974; 1 child) Annabel Davis-Goff (1975–1986; 2 children) Diane Sawyer (m. 1988–2014; his death) }} Mike Nichols (born Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky; November 6, 1931 – November 19, 2014) was a German-born American film and theatre director, producer, actor and comedian. He was noted for his ability to work across a range of genres and an aptitude for getting the best out of actors regardless of their acting experience. Nichols began his career in the 1950s with the comedy improvisational troupe, The Compass Players, predecessor of The Second City, in Chicago. He then teamed up with his improv partner, Elaine May, to form the comedy duo Nichols and May. Their live improv acts were a hit on Broadway resulting in three albums, with their debut album winning a Grammy Award. After Nichols and May disbanded their act in 1961, Nichols began directing plays. He soon earned a reputation as a skilled Broadway director with a flair for creating innovative productions and the ability to elicit polished performances from actors. His debut Broadway play was Neil Simons ''Barefoot in the Park'' in 1963, with Robert Redford and Elizabeth Ashley. He next directed ''Luv'' in 1964 and in 1965 directed another Neil Simon play, ''The Odd Couple''. Nichols received a Tony Award for each of those plays. Nearly five decades later, he won his sixth Tony Award as best director with a revival of ''Death of a Salesman'' in 2012. During his career, he directed or produced over twenty-five Broadway plays. In 1966, Warner Brothers invited Nichols to direct his first film, ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'', starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. The groundbreaking and acclaimed film led critics to declare Nichols the "new Orson Welles". The film garnered 13 Academy Award nominations, winning five. It was also a box office hit and became the number 1 film of 1966. His next film was ''The Graduate'' in 1967, starring then unknown actor Dustin Hoffman, alongside Anne Bancroft and Katharine Ross. The film was another critical and financial success, becoming the highest grossing film of 1967 and receiving seven Academy Award nominations, wining Nichols the Academy Award for Best Directing. Among the other films he directed were ''Catch-22'' (1970), ''Carnal Knowledge'' (1971), ''Silkwood'' (1983), ''Working Girl'' (1988), ''The Birdcage'' (1996), ''Closer'' (2004), and ''Charlie Wilson's War'' (2007). Along with an Academy Award, Nichols won a Grammy Award (the first for a comedian born outside the United States), four Emmy Awards and nine Tony Awards. Nichols is one of only two people who can claim a PEGOT, having received Peabody, Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony awards. He was also a three-time BAFTA Award winner. His other honors included the Lincoln Center Gala Tribute in 1999, the National Medal of Arts in 2001,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://arts.gov/honors/medals/mike-nichols )〕 the Kennedy Center Honors in 2003 and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2010. His films garnered a total of 42 Academy Award nominations and seven wins. In 2016, PBS will air an ''American Masters'' documentary about Nichols, to be directed by his former improv partner, Elaine May.〔("Elaine May to Direct Mike Nichols Documentary for PBS" ), ''New York Times'', Nov. 1, 2015〕 ==Early life== Mike Nichols was born Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky in Berlin, Germany, the son of Brigitte (née Landauer) and Pavel Peschkowsky, a physician.〔 His father was born in Vienna, Austria, to a Russian Jewish immigrant family. Nichols' father's family had been wealthy and lived in Siberia, leaving after the Russian Revolution, and settling in Germany around 1920.〔 Nichols' mother's family were German Jews.〔 His maternal grandparents were anarchist Gustav Landauer and author Hedwig Lachmann. Nichols is a third cousin twice removed of scientist Albert Einstein, through Nichols' mother.〔 In April 1939, when the Nazis were arresting Jews in Berlin, seven-year-old Mikhail and his three-year-old brother Robert were sent alone to the United States to join their father, who had fled months earlier. His mother eventually joined the family, escaping through Italy in 1940.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/facesofamerica/profiles/mike-nichols/5/ )〕 The family moved to New York City on April 28, 1939.〔 His father, whose original Russian name was Pavel Nikolaevich Peschkowsky, changed his name to Paul Nichols, Nichols derived from his Russian patronymic, and set up a successful medical practice in Manhattan, enabling the family to live near Central Park. Nichols' youth was especially difficult for him, as he explained, because "I was a bald little kid." By age 4, following an inoculation for whooping cough, he had lost his hair, and consequently wore wigs for the rest of his life. Nichols became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1944 and attended public elementary school in Manhattan (PS 87).〔Stated on an episode of ''Faces of America'', in 2010〕 After graduating from the Walden School, a private progressive school on Central Park West, Nichols briefly attended New York University before dropping out. In 1950, he enrolled in the pre-med program at the University of Chicago.〔 He later described this college period as "paradise," recalling how "I never had a friend from the time I came to this country until I got to the University of Chicago."〔 While in Chicago in 1953, Nichols joined the staff of struggling classical music station WFMT, 98.7 FM, as an announcer. Co-owner Rita Jacobs asked Nichols to create a folk music program on Saturday nights, which he named "The Midnight Special." He hosted the program for two years before leaving for New York City. Nichols frequently invited musicians to perform live in the studio and eventually created a unique blend of "folk music and farce, showtunes and satire, odds and ends," along with his successor Norm Pellegrini. The program endures today in the same time slot. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mike Nichols」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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